Cognac is still one of the most exciting spirits on the market.
Walking into the cellars of the Château de Cognac is as close to time travel as I’ve ever come. The structure traces its roots back to the 10th century, when it was built as a fortress overlooking the Charente River in southwest France; half a millennium later, King François I was born there. Today, it’s home to the Cognac producers Baron Otard and D’Ussé, and the cellars, with their arched ceilings and stacks of age-darkened barrels, feel somehow apart from time.
Still, Cognac is far from stuck in the past. In 2023, Fawn Weaver, spirits-industry powerhouse and founder of Uncle Nearest Premium Whiskey, acquired Domaine Saint Martin in Grande Champagne; the brand is among the few Black-owned Cognac producers, an example of how this ancient region is still evolving.
Cognac is arguably the most famous brandy in the world. It’s a highly regulated spirit, distilled twice in copper pots from wine produced primarily from Ugni Blanc grapes. Other varieties are permitted, but Ugni is king, thanks to its ability to retain its freshness through both fermentation and distillation. Like all wine regions, Cognac is broken up into smaller zones, and each of those six specific crus has its own particular terroir and microclimate that shape the grapes that grow there.
What’s the Difference Between VS, VSOP, and XO Cognac?
The best Cognacs, like the region itself, seem to both defy and embody the graceful passage of the years. “Not only in the aging of the liquid — but in the fact that Cognac is not traditionally born from a single eau-de-vie. Rather, it is a blend of different estates, ages, and crus,” explains Vincent Chappe, the longtime global ambassador for Bisquit & Dubouché. “Blending a unique and rich Cognac is a complex and delicate art, executed by the master blender to yield a liquid that is an alchemy of time and place."
Blending, in general, is one of the keys to Cognac’s success. And unlike most other spirits, Cognacs can be aged in both dry and humid cellars; in the former, more water evaporates through the porous wood staves, which leaves a different imprint on the liquid inside than those passing their years in damper cellars receive.
As for those letters adorning bottles across brands, they’re simply an indication of the age of the youngest spirit in the blend. VS (Very Special) means at least two years old; VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale), a minimum of four; XO (Extra Old) is a minimum of 10 years.
But it’s important to note that older is not necessarily better. As with all aged spirits, both older and more youthful expressions can be excellent. The key is to drink broadly, across a range of producers and styles — perhaps starting with these seven choices.
Cognac Frapin Cigar Blend XO premier Cru de Cognac Grande Champagne
Layered with character and complexity, this XO comes from estate-grown grapes that were crushed, fermented, distilled, and aged in humid cellars by Frapin. The result is sweet with cooked honey, baked apples, and dried apricots, plus light peppermint and cedar accents.
